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Quality Parameters in Small Grains from Minnesota Affected by Fusarium Head Blight
1Associate Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist.
Plant Disease
|March 10, 2019
Summary
Fusarium head blight (FHB) significantly impacted wheat and barley crops, with high levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) detected. Visual scab assessment in wheat effectively estimated DON levels, unlike in barley.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Plant Pathology
- Food Science
Background:
- Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics in 1993 and 1994 caused substantial damage to Minnesota's hard red spring wheat and barley crops.
- Analysis of commercial grain samples was crucial to understand the impact of FHB on quality parameters.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the effects of FHB on quality parameters in wheat and barley.
- To assess the correlation between visual scab estimates and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination.
- To evaluate the effectiveness of grading parameters in estimating DON levels.
Main Methods:
- Commercial wheat and barley grain samples from 1993 and 1994 were analyzed for quality parameters.
- Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration was quantified using chemical analysis.
- Visual assessment of scabby kernels (VSK) was performed and correlated with DON levels.
Main Results:
- High prevalence of DON was found in wheat (98.6%) and barley (100%), with mean concentrations of 8.3 μg/g and 10.4 μg/g, respectively.
- Percent VSK in wheat showed a strong positive correlation with DON concentration (r = 0.897-0.908).
- Test weight and thousand kernel weight were poor predictors of DON in wheat, and grading parameters were ineffective for barley.
Conclusions:
- Visual assessment of scab is a reliable and rapid method for estimating DON contamination in wheat.
- Standard grading parameters are insufficient for estimating DON levels in contaminated barley.
- FHB poses a significant risk of mycotoxin contamination in cereal grains, necessitating effective monitoring strategies.
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