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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
Published on: April 28, 2019
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Rhinovirus-associated acute encephalitis/encephalopathy and cerebellitis
Kyoko Hazama1, Takashi Shiihara1, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi2
1Department of Neurology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, 779 Shimohakoda, Hokkitsu-machi, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-8577, Japan.
Brain & Development
|March 10, 2019
Summary
Human rhinovirus A caused acute cerebellitis and encephalitis in a child, a rare central nervous system complication. This case highlights the need for broader pathogen detection in pediatric neurological illness.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Rhinovirus is a common pediatric respiratory pathogen.
- Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by rhinovirus is exceptionally rare, with only two prior cases (meningitis, sepsis-like illness).
Observation:
- A 2-year-old boy presented with fever, seizures, and lethargy.
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mild pleocytosis and elevated protein.
- Brain MRI demonstrated bilateral cerebellar dentate nucleus abnormalities, particularly on diffusion-weighted imaging.
Findings:
- Human rhinovirus A was identified in both throat swab and cerebrospinal fluid specimens.
- The patient developed acute cerebellitis with concurrent cerebral symptoms (consciousness disturbance, seizures).
- Cerebellar atrophy was noted on follow-up MRI despite symptomatic treatment and recovery.
Implications:
- This case represents the first reported instance of rhinovirus-associated acute encephalitis/encephalopathy with concurrent cerebellitis.
- It underscores the importance of considering rhinovirus in the differential diagnosis of pediatric acute neurological conditions.
- Further research utilizing advanced molecular techniques is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of rhinovirus-induced CNS disease.
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