Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

4.8K
 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
4.8K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

84.0K
Overview
84.0K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.8K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.8K
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

7.9K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
7.9K
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

5.7K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
5.7K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

9.2K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
9.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strain-localized luminescent e-skin for high-resolution pressure mapping and visual force feedback.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Bridging the Gap - Advancing Microfluidics From Laboratory to Point-of-Care.

IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering·2026
Same author

A Portable and Dual-Button Microneedle Device Enables Intelligent Multimodal Laser Sensing.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Wash-Free Digital Detection of Tumor Extracellular Vesicles via Plasmonic Droplet Microfluidics.

ACS sensors·2026
Same author

Programmable Milli-Microfluidics via Oxide-Mediated Continuous Electrowetting of Liquid Metal Droplets.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Extended reality in clinical neurology: From interdisciplinary innovations to clinical practice.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026
Same journal

Investigating the effects of probiotic fermentation on the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of sea buckthorn polyphenol extracts by using untargeted metabolomics and multispectral analysis.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Nucleic acid and multi-omics approaches for understanding plant-microbiome interactions in grassland ecosystems.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Nanobody-based sandwich ELISA for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Digestion and fermentation characteristics of the polysaccharides from Polygalae Radix processed by Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its effects on gut microbiota and metabolites.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Synergistic antimicrobial and barrier enhancement in chitosan-rhamnolipid composite films for postharvest fruit preservation.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Mettl3-mediated FOXO1 mRNA translation inhibits myoblast differentiation and fusion through the MyoD1-Myomaker/Myomixer axis and the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials
04:42

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials

Published on: February 26, 2021

5.0K

Stimuli-responsive injectable cellulose thixogel for cell encapsulation.

Naresh D Sanandiya1, Jyothsna Vasudevan2, Rupambika Das1

  • 1Singapore University of Technology & Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|March 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hydrogels exhibit injectable, shear-thinning, and rapid self-healing properties. These biocompatible hydrogels support high cell viability for potential applications in cellular delivery.

Keywords:
CelluloseInjectable hydrogelThixotropy

More Related Videos

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.0K
Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
05:43

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials
04:42

Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials

Published on: February 26, 2021

5.0K
Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

11.0K
Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
05:43

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are promising biomaterials due to their renewability and unique properties.
  • Developing injectable and self-healing hydrogels is crucial for advanced biomedical applications.
  • Understanding the structure-property relationships of CNF-based materials is essential for their effective utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize surface-oxidized CNF hydrogels.
  • To investigate the rheological properties, including shear thinning and thixotropy.
  • To evaluate the suitability of CNF hydrogels for cellular encapsulation and delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of surface-oxidized CNF hydrogel.
  • Physicochemical analyses and spectroscopic characterization.
  • Rheological measurements (shear thinning, thixotropy, creep-recovery).
  • Cellular encapsulation studies with cancer and stem cells.

Main Results:

  • The CNF hydrogel demonstrated injectable shear-thinning behavior (~10 s⁻¹) and rapid thixotropic recovery (<60 s).
  • Cell-culture media did not impede shear thinning and enhanced thixotropy.
  • Tunable moduli (36–1000 Pa) were achieved without crosslinkers, responsive to concentration and stimuli.
  • High cell viability, long-term survival, and spherical morphology were observed for encapsulated human breast cancer and mouse embryonic stem cells.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-oxidized CNF hydrogels possess excellent injectability and rapid self-healing capabilities.
  • The tunable rheological properties and biocompatibility make them suitable for cell encapsulation and delivery.
  • These findings highlight the potential of CNF hydrogels in regenerative medicine and drug delivery systems.