Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

105.1K
Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
105.1K
Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

21.7K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
21.7K
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

31.9K
Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
31.9K
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

189.3K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
189.3K
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

50.1K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
50.1K
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:21

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

8.7K
Carboxylic acids are the strongest organic acids. However, their acidic strength is much less than mineral acids like HCl. Carboxylic acids ionize in water and readily lose the hydroxyl proton to form a resonance-stabilized carboxylate ion.
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between GLIM-defined malnutrition and in-hospital costs in adults with sepsis: A sub analysis of a prospective cohort study.

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition·2026
Same author

Prediction of Novel Disease-Related Regions in SIGLEC-7 by <i>In Silico</i> and Biochemical Analyses.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Emerging directions in tauopathy research.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

<i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-glycans in Unfertilized Chum Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus keta</i>) Eggs Using Glycomic Techniques.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Tau-PET and CSF MTBR-tau243 comparisons validate increased tau aggregation in females.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same author

A novel autopolysialylation activity of the ganglioside sialyltransferase ST8Sia5 regulates its secretion and enzyme activity.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines
12:06

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines

Published on: November 25, 2017

13.3K

Sialic Acids in Neurology.

Chihiro Sato1, Ken Kitajima1

  • 1Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.

Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry
|March 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sialic acids (Sia) are vital for embryogenesis. Oligomeric Sia structures, particularly polysialic acid (polySia), play crucial roles in vertebrate neurology and are implicated in related diseases.

Keywords:
AntibodyGrowth factorMental disorderNeural cell-adhesion moleculeNeurotrophinOligosialyltransferasePolysialic acidPolysialyltransferaseST8Sia

More Related Videos

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.
08:04

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

Published on: July 14, 2017

10.1K
Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Published on: March 13, 2018

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines
12:06

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines

Published on: November 25, 2017

13.3K
Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.
08:04

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

Published on: July 14, 2017

10.1K
Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Published on: March 13, 2018

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Glycobiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sialic acid (Sia) is essential for biological activities and embryogenesis.
  • Oligomeric Sia structures like disialic acid (diSia), oligosialic acid (oligoSia), and polysialic acid (polySia) occur in glycoconjugates.
  • Polysialic acid (polySia) is a key glycotope in vertebrate brains and neural cell adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the study of diSia, oligoSia, and polySia residues in glycoproteins.
  • To cover their history, definition, occurrence, analytical methods, biosynthesis, and biological functions.
  • To discuss their roles in neurology and related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances.
  • Analysis of phenotypes in gene-targeted mice.
  • Examination of biochemical features.

Main Results:

  • Sialic acids are critical for embryonic development.
  • Polysialic acid is a significant neurological glycotope with well-studied effects on neural cell adhesion.
  • DiSia and oligoSia also exhibit important biological functions.

Conclusions:

  • Oligomeric sialic acids, especially polySia, are crucial in vertebrate neurology.
  • Understanding these structures aids in studying neurological functions and diseases.
  • Further research on diSia, oligoSia, and polySia in glycoproteins is warranted.