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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

225
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
225
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

285
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
285
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

212
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
212
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

271
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
271

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Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
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Pediatric Cranioplasty.

Michael R Bykowski1, Jesse A Goldstein2, Joseph E Losee2

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 664 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

Clinics in Plastic Surgery
|March 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric cranioplasty techniques are evolving beyond adult standards. Tailoring surgical management to each child's unique cranial defect is crucial for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
Calvarial defectCranial defectCranioplastyPediatricSkull reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Plastic Surgery
  • Cranial Reconstruction

Background:

  • Historically, pediatric cranioplasty relied on adult treatment protocols.
  • Recent advancements have improved understanding of pediatric cranial reconstruction complexities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the specialized nature of pediatric cranioplasty.
  • To emphasize the need for individualized surgical approaches in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and contemporary pediatric cranioplasty techniques.
  • Analysis of factors influencing surgical decision-making in pediatric cranial defects.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric cranioplasty requires specialized considerations distinct from adult procedures.
  • Surgical management has been refined, acknowledging unique pediatric challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Current pediatric cranioplasty emphasizes tailored techniques for individual cranial defects.
  • Personalized surgical strategies are essential for successful pediatric cranial reconstruction.