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Capillaroscopy: A Valuable Diagnostic Tool.

S S Ocampo-Garza1, M A Villarreal-Alarcón2, A V Villarreal-Treviño2

  • 1Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México.

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|March 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Capillaroscopy is a noninvasive technique that visualizes skin microcirculation, aiding in diagnosing autoimmune diseases like Raynaud phenomenon. It analyzes nailfold capillary patterns to detect abnormalities, offering diagnostic and prognostic value.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesCapilaroscopiaCapillaroscopyCutaneous microcirculationEnfermedades autoinmunesEsclerosis sistémicaFenómeno de RaynaudMicrocirculación cutáneaNailfoldPliegue unguealRaynaud phenomenonSystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Microcirculation Imaging

Background:

  • Capillaroscopy provides in vivo imaging of skin microcirculation.
  • It is a simple, noninvasive tool applicable to both adults and children.
  • This technique is particularly valuable for diagnosing Raynaud phenomenon and other autoimmune diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamentals of capillaroscopy.
  • To emphasize its technique, indications, and diagnostic value.
  • To highlight its use as a prognostic tool for rheumatologic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of capillaroscopic patterns in the nailfold bed of fingers.
  • Assessment of microvascular abnormalities in skin microcirculation.
  • Identification of normal and pathologic capillary patterns.

Main Results:

  • A normal pattern shows 7-11 hairpin-shaped capillaries.
  • Pathologic patterns include ectasias, giant capillaries, hemorrhages, avascular areas, and neoangiogenesis.
  • Capillaroscopy aids in identifying microvascular abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • Capillaroscopy is a valuable noninvasive tool for analyzing microvascular abnormalities.
  • It plays a significant role in the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatologic disorders.
  • The technique offers insights into skin microcirculation relevant to various diseases.