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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Author Spotlight: Insights into the Analysis of Human Interaction with 3D Virtual Objects

Published on: October 18, 2024

Sensorimotor contingency modulates breakthrough of virtual 3D objects during a breaking continuous flash suppression

Keisuke Suzuki¹, David J Schwartzman¹, Rafael Augusto²

¹Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom.

|March 11, 2019

Summary

Sensorimotor interactions, combining virtual and augmented reality, influence visual perception. Live interactions speed up visual awareness compared to replayed ones, showing contingency matters.

Keywords:

Affordance Augmented reality Continuous flash suppression Sensorimotor coupling Virtual reality Visual awareness

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Neuroscience
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Subjective visual experience is influenced by how we interact with our environment.
Sensorimotor contingencies, the relationship between actions and sensory feedback, are crucial for perception.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) offer new ways to study these interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how embodied sensorimotor interactions shape subjective visual experience.
To explore the role of sensorimotor contingency and congruency in visual perception.
To introduce a novel methodology combining VR/AR with breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS).

Main Methods:

Developed a novel VR/AR setup integrated with an adapted bCFS paradigm.
Participants manipulated virtual 3D objects, with manipulated sensorimotor contingencies (congruency and contingency).
Measured breakthrough times from bCFS and used motion discrimination/object category tasks.

Main Results:

Contingency of sensorimotor coupling, specifically live interactions, significantly affected bCFS breakthrough times.
Live interactions led to faster breakthrough times compared to replayed interactions.
Congruency of sensorimotor coupling did not significantly affect breakthrough times.

Conclusions:

The contingency between actions and visual consequences modulates visual experience, supporting theories emphasizing sensorimotor influences.
The developed VR/AR-bCFS methodology extends binocular suppression paradigms to dynamic, realistic sensorimotor environments.
This research highlights the importance of real-time sensorimotor feedback in shaping subjective visual perception.