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Age estimation using bone mineral density in South Africans.

D Botha1, N Lynnerup2, M Steyn1

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|March 11, 2019
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Bone mineral density (BMD) can estimate age at death in skeletal remains. This study found BMD effective for white South Africans but requires more research for black South Africans.

Keywords:
Age estimationBone mineral densityDXAFemurRegression

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic anthropology
  • Osteology
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Bone mineral density (BMD) offers an objective method for estimating age at death from skeletal remains.
  • Previous research has not fully explored BMD's utility in diverse South African populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of proximal femur BMD for age estimation in South African populations.
  • To analyze inter-population and sex-specific variations in BMD.
  • To develop population-specific regression formulae for age estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of 123 femora from black and white South Africans.
  • Statistical analyses including independent-samples t-tests and correlation/regression analyses.
  • Bootstrapping was used to validate regression models.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in BMD were observed between black and white South Africans.
  • Male BMD differed significantly, while female BMD showed no significant differences between ethnic groups.
  • A significant correlation between BMD and age was found for the white population and the combined sample, but not for the black population.

Conclusions:

  • DXA-derived femur BMD is a viable method for age estimation in white South Africans.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the relationship between BMD and age in black South Africans.
  • Population-specific calibration is crucial for accurate age estimation using BMD.