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Disconnection Between Self-Reported and Objective Cognitive Impairment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Katia Gagnon1,2, Andrée-Ann Baril1,3, Jacques Montplaisir1,3
1Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients without cognitive deficits report more complaints. However, OSA patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are less aware of their deficits, highlighting the need for screening.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Sleep Medicine
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasingly linked to cognitive decline in older adults.
- Early identification of individuals with OSA at risk for dementia is crucial.
- Self-reported cognitive complaints may serve as a screening tool for cognitive deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if self-reported cognitive complaints can screen for objective cognitive deficits in older adults with OSA.
- To investigate the awareness of cognitive deficits in individuals with OSA compared to a mild/non-OSA group.
Main Methods:
- Compared 57 OSA patients (AHI ≥ 15) aged 55-85 with 54 mild/non-OSA participants.
- Utilized polysomnography and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.
- Administered questionnaires on mood, sleep, and cognition; analyzed using ANOVA.
Main Results:
- Participants with OSA but no objective cognitive deficits reported more complaints than the mild/non-OSA group.
- Participants with OSA and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) reported fewer complaints than the mild/non-OSA group with MCI.
- Individuals with OSA and MCI demonstrated reduced self-awareness of their cognitive deficits.
Conclusions:
- Self-reported cognitive complaints are not a reliable sole screening tool for cognitive deficits in OSA patients.
- OSA patients with MCI may have impaired self-awareness of their cognitive status.
- Referral for neuropsychological assessment is vital for OSA patients with suspected cognitive decline.
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