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Reduced graphomotor procedural learning in children and adolescents with ADHD
Thomas A Duda1, Joseph E Casey1, Amanda M O'Brien1
1University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
Children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) show impaired procedural learning of graphomotor tasks. This suggests difficulties in acquiring new motor skills, impacting academic and assessment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Procedural learning is crucial for skill acquisition.
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may affect motor learning.
- Graphomotor skills are essential for academic tasks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate procedural learning of a graphomotor program in children and adolescents with ADHD.
- To compare learning abilities between individuals with and without ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Thirty-two participants (ages 9-15) were divided into ADHD and control groups.
- Participants practiced a novel grapheme on a digitizing tablet 30 times.
- ADHD participants were medication-naïve or off stimulant medication.
Main Results:
- Control participants showed significant improvement in graphomotor fluency.
- Participants with ADHD did not demonstrate significant learning gains.
- A trend towards impaired learning was observed in the ADHD group.
Conclusions:
- Graphomotor procedural learning is attenuated in children and adolescents with ADHD.
- Findings align with studies on adults with ADHD.
- Implications for handwriting remediation, academic support, and neuropsychological assessment using digital tools.
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