Reaction-diffusion model for STIM-ORAI interaction: The role of ROS and mutations

Release of Ca²⁺ from endoplasmatic retriculum (ER) Ca²⁺ stores causes stromal interaction molecules (STIM) in the ER membrane and ORAI proteins in the plasma membrane (PM) to interact and form the Ca²⁺ release activated Ca²⁺ (CRAC) channels, which represent a major Ca²⁺ entry route in non-excitable cells and thus control various cell functions. It is experimentally possible to mutate ORAI1 proteins and therefore modify, especially block, the Ca²⁺ influx into the cell. On the basis of the model of Hoover and Lewis (2011), we formulate a reaction-diffusion model to quantify the STIM1-ORAI1 interaction during CRAC channel formation and analyze different ORAI1 channel stoichiometries and different ratios of STIM1 and ORAI1 in comparison with experimental data. We incorporate the inhibition of ORAI1 channels by ROS into our model and calculate its contribution to the CRAC channel amplitude. We observe a large decrease of the CRAC channel amplitude evoked by mutations of ORAI1 proteins.