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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
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Induced-fit Model01:13

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Immunohistochemistry Techniques to Analyze Cellular Proliferation and Neurogenesis in Rats Using the Thymidine Analog BrdU
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BrdU-induced hyperlocomotion in the stroked rat.

Jessica Cooperrider1, Hugh H Chan1, John T Gale2

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States.

Neuroscience Letters
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injections significantly increased locomotor activity in rats after ischemic stroke. Researchers advise caution when interpreting behavioral data from BrdU studies in brain-injured animals.

Keywords:
BrdUBromodeoxyuridineIschemiaNeurogenesisNeurorehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Stroke Research

Background:

  • 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) is a common marker for cell proliferation in neuroscience.
  • Concerns exist regarding BrdU's potential to induce side effects, including behavioral and cellular changes.
  • The impact of BrdU on behavior following brain injury requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) on locomotor behavior in a rodent model of ischemic stroke.
  • To determine if BrdU administration influences motor activity in rats post-brain injury.

Main Methods:

  • Adult rats underwent induced ischemic stroke.
  • BrdU (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally for 5 days, starting 2 weeks post-stroke.
  • Locomotor activity was assessed via 30-minute home cage videotaping one hour after injection.

Main Results:

  • BrdU-injected rats exhibited a nearly threefold increase in locomotor activity compared to controls.
  • This hyperlocomotor effect was observed in rats following experimental ischemic stroke.
  • The findings indicate a significant behavioral alteration induced by BrdU in this model.

Conclusions:

  • 5-bromo-2 -deoxyuridine (BrdU) administration can induce a hyperlocomotor effect in rats after ischemic brain injury.
  • Caution is necessary when interpreting behavioral outcomes in studies using BrdU in models of brain injury.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind BrdU-induced behavioral changes.