Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
08:49
Cell Surface Receptor Identification Using Genome-Scale CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Screens
Published on: June 6, 2020
15.3K
Scaling, Anisotropy, and Complexity in Near-Surface Atmospheric Turbulence
Ivana Stiperski1, Marc Calaf2, Mathias W Rotach1
1Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria.
Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres : JGR
|March 12, 2019
Summary
Separating turbulence data by anisotropy states improves near-surface scaling over complex terrain. This finding suggests a unified framework for turbulence scaling is possible, even over varied landscapes.
Area of Science:
- Atmospheric science
- Fluid dynamics
- Geophysics
Background:
- Unified similarity scaling has been unsuccessful over complex surfaces.
- Previous studies showed improved scaling for flat terrain by separating data based on turbulence anisotropy states.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if separating turbulence data by anisotropy states improves near-surface scaling over complex terrain.
- To explore the possibility of a unified framework for turbulence scaling across diverse terrains.
Main Methods:
- Examined near-surface scaling using 12 diverse datasets from flat to mountainous terrain.
- Separated data according to limiting states of turbulence anisotropy (isotropic, two-component axisymmetric, one-component).
Main Results:
- Separating data by anisotropy states significantly improved data collapse onto common scaling relations.
- Identified a measure of turbulence complexity and its relation to scaling breakdown.
Conclusions:
- The separation by anisotropy states enhances turbulence scaling over complex terrain.
- Findings indicate potential for a unified framework for turbulence scaling, considering anisotropy and terrain complexity.
Related Concept Videos
01:07Laminar and Turbulent Flow
11.0K
Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
11.0K
01:24Turbulent Flow
708
Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
708
02:57Definition and Measurement of Pressure: Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer, and Manometer
43.0K
Gas pressure is caused by force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the surfaces of objects. Although the force of each collision is very small, any surface of an appreciable area experiences a large number of collisions in a short time, which can result in high pressure.
43.0K
01:09Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving
401
Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...
401
02:41pH Scale
79.4K
Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
79.4K
01:18Variation of Atmospheric Pressure
4.1K
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
4.1K