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No high Tibetan Plateau until the Neogene.

T Su1,2, A Farnsworth3, R A Spicer1,4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China.

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|March 12, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fossil palm leaves from Tibet indicate the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) was a deep paleovalley, not a high plateau, during the Late Paleogene. This challenges previous understandings of QTP

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Paleogeography
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • The Paleogene surface height and paleoenvironment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) are poorly understood.
  • Existing models struggle to reconcile the plateau's current elevation with Paleogene climate conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct the Paleogene topography and paleoenvironment of the central QTP.
  • To challenge prevailing tectonic and paleoenvironmental models of the region.

Main Methods:

  • Discovery and dating of fossil palm leaves from Late Paleogene paleolake sediments in the Lunpola Basin.
  • Analysis of palm leaf anatomy to infer temperature and altitudinal constraints.
  • Integration with paleoterrestrial lapse rate models.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of the youngest fossil palm leaves in Tibet, dated to the Late Paleogene (Chattian, ~25.5 Ma).
  • Palm leaf fossils indicate a low-elevation paleovalley (<2.3 km) in the Lunpola Basin, not a high plateau.
  • The paleovalley was flanked by mountains exceeding 4 km, creating a highly varied landscape.

Conclusions:

  • A high plateau did not exist in the core of the QTP during the Paleogene.
  • The findings necessitate revisions to models of tectonic uplift, Asian monsoon dynamics, and biodiversity evolution.
  • The study reveals a complex paleotopography that influenced regional climate and ecosystems.