Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Published on: September 15, 2023
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with bilateral axillary lymph node involvement: a case report outlining hypothesis for
Raul Caso1, Anthony M Villano1, Whitney Sutton1
1Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
Abstract:
Axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) in well differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma (WDPTC) is a rare sequela of disease presentation. We report a case of PTC with extensive cervical lymph node involvement, local extension to the skin of the neck and bilateral ALNI without evidence of distant disease. We posit that ALNI represents local extension of disease rather than distant metastasis. Therefore, in the absence of distant spread, ALNI should result in surgical intervention. This optimizes removal of all bulky disease and increases effectiveness of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Future research centered on genomics should focus on ascertaining the behavior and prognosis of such cases, especially when anatomic spread is discordant with biologic behavior.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
Papillary Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
Writers
The writer...
What is a Hypothesis?
Types of Hypothesis Testing
When the null and alternative hypotheses are stated, it is observed that the null hypothesis is a neutral statement against which the alternative hypothesis is tested. The alternative hypothesis is a claim that instead has a certain direction. If the null hypothesis claims that p = 0.5, the alternative hypothesis would be an opposing statement to this and can be put either p > 0.5, p < 0.5, or p...
Errors In Hypothesis Tests

