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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain
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Studying the Hypothalamic Insulin Signal to Peripheral Glucose Intolerance with a Continuous Drug Infusion System into the Mouse Brain

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Insulin-Based Infusion System: Advancing the Development.

Nasseh Hashemi1,2, Tim Valk3, Kim Houlind4

  • 11 School of Medicine and Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The novel Insulin Balanced Infusion System (IBIS) demonstrated safety and feasibility in maintaining glucose stability for people with type 1 diabetes during a stress trial, preventing hypoglycemia.

Keywords:
automated glucose monitoringclosed loop glucose controlcritical care glucose controlstress trial

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Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Technology

Background:

  • Poor glucose control in critical care increases mortality and morbidity.
  • Achieving optimal glucose control with current technologies remains challenging.
  • The Insulin Balanced Infusion System (IBIS) is an emerging technology for glucose management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the glucose stability of the IBIS closed-loop system.
  • To assess the system's response to various stress conditions in type 1 diabetes.
  • To determine the safety and feasibility of the IBIS prototype.

Main Methods:

  • A closed-loop system (IBIS prototype) using intermittent capillary glucose measurements was tested.
  • A stress trial involved 12 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  • Unpredicted stimuli included intravenous/oral glucose and insulin boluses.

Main Results:

  • The IBIS maintained glucose within target range 43.8% of the time during induced stresses.
  • Mean glucose increase after a glucose load was 17.4 mg/dl.
  • No hypoglycemia (blood glucose < 70 mg/dl) occurred after insulin bolus administration.

Conclusions:

  • The Insulin Balanced Infusion System (IBIS) proved safe and feasible across diverse conditions.
  • The system exhibited notable sensing and stress response capabilities.
  • IBIS shows promise for improved glucose control in critical care settings.