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Related Concept Videos

Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

4.9K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

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Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Two-Compartment Open Model: Extravascular Administration01:12

Two-Compartment Open Model: Extravascular Administration

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The two-compartment model for extravascular administration represents a drug's absorption and distribution process. It features a central compartment, where the drug is first absorbed, and a peripheral compartment, which illustrates the drug's distribution throughout the body. The rate of change in drug concentration in the central compartment is calculated by three exponents: absorption, distribution, and elimination.
The absorption exponent (ka) indicates the speed at which the drug...
672
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
2.9K
Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

9.5K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
9.5K
Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Infections Associated with Iron Administration.

Manfred Nairz, Guenter Weiss

    Metal Ions in Life Sciences
    |March 12, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Iron is crucial for hosts and pathogens. Disturbances in iron homeostasis affect infection risk and severity, necessitating careful iron management alongside infection control.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Nutritional Science
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Iron is essential for both mammalian hosts and microbes, making it a key battleground during infections.
    • The host regulates iron availability through hormones like hepcidin and transporters like ferroportin-1, influencing infection outcomes.
    • Disturbances in iron homeostasis, from deficiency to supplementation, can significantly impact susceptibility and course of infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize current knowledge on iron metabolism regulation and its interaction with the immune response to microbes.
    • To address unanswered questions regarding the association between iron administration and infection.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on iron metabolism, hepcidin, ferroportin-1, and host-pathogen interactions.

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  • Analysis of the impact of iron deficiency and supplementation on immune function and infection susceptibility.
  • Discussion of clinical implications for managing iron status in patients with infections.

    • Main Results:

    • Hepcidin and ferroportin-1 play opposing roles in iron regulation depending on pathogen location (extracellular vs. intracellular).
    • Iron deficiency can reduce infection prevalence and severity by impacting immune function and limiting pathogen iron access.
    • Improper iron administration, especially in functional deficiency, can worsen underlying conditions like chronic infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective antimicrobial therapy must precede iron administration for deficiency correction to avoid adverse effects.
    • Differentiating absolute from functional iron deficiency is critical for appropriate treatment and patient outcomes.
    • Understanding the complex interplay between iron, immunity, and infection is vital for optimizing patient care.