Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
Published on: December 20, 2024
Precision medicine and phenotypes, endotypes, genotypes, regiotypes, and theratypes of allergic diseases
Ioana Agache1, Cezmi A Akdis2,3
1Transylvania University, Faculty of Medicine, Brasov, Romania.
Abstract:
A rapidly developing paradigm for modern health care is a proactive and individualized response to patients' symptoms, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Precision medicine is becoming an overarching medical discipline that will require a better understanding of biomarkers, phenotypes, endotypes, genotypes, regiotypes, and theratypes of diseases. The 100-year-old personalized allergen-specific management of allergic diseases has particularly contributed to early awareness in precision medicine. Polyomics, big data, and systems biology have demonstrated a profound complexity and dynamic variability in allergic disease between individuals, as well as between regions. Escalating health care costs together with questionable efficacy of the current management of allergic diseases facilitated the emergence of the endotype-driven approach. We describe here a precision medicine approach that stratifies patients based on disease mechanisms to optimize management of allergic diseases.
Related Concept Videos
Allergic Reactions
Allergic Drug Reactions
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Accuracy and Precision
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

