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Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis-related broncholithiasis in a child undergoing bronchoscopy: A case report

Chen Meng1, Zhongxiao Zhang, Xia Liu

  • 1Department of Respiratory Intervention, Ji'nan Children's Hospital, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Medicine
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This case study highlights a rare instance of pediatric broncholithiasis caused by an Aspergillus infection. Bronchoscopic removal of the calcified mass and antifungal treatment led to a full recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Broncholithiasis, characterized by calcification in the tracheobronchial tree, is exceptionally rare in children.
  • This report details a unique pediatric case to share diagnostic and therapeutic insights.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old girl presented with a two-month history of chronic cough and recurrent wheezing.
  • Bronchoscopy revealed broncholithiasis, with pathological examination confirming an Aspergillus infection.

Findings:

  • Broncholithiasis was successfully treated by bronchoscopic removal of the calcified stone and surrounding granulation tissue.
  • Post-intervention antifungal therapy targeting the Aspergillus infection proved effective.

Implications:

  • Pulmonary Aspergillus infection is a potential cause of broncholithiasis, even in pediatric patients.
  • Bronchoscopic intervention combined with targeted antifungal treatment offers a viable therapeutic strategy for pediatric broncholithiasis.

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