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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

892
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
892
Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
809
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

763
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
763
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

3.8K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

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Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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The role of multisensory development in early language learning.

Gina M Mason1, Michael H Goldstein1, Jennifer A Schwade1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caregiver responses provide structured social cues that help infants learn language and communication. These patterns facilitate multisensory integration, crucial for cognitive development and aiding conditions like autism.

Keywords:
Caregiver–infant interactionsInfant developmentMultisensory perceptionNeurodevelopmental disordersSocial learningWord learning

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Infant language acquisition relies on integrating multisensory information.
  • Caregiver social responses may facilitate infants' perception of social cues.
  • Early views considered perceptual integration a major infant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review statistical regularities in caregiver feedback.
  • Examine how these regularities aid infant learning from social signals.
  • Explore reciprocal influences between infant abilities and caregiver responses.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on moment-by-moment behaviors in naturalistic caregiver-infant play.
  • Analyze spatial form and contingencies of caregiver responses.
  • Review existing literature on caregiver feedback and infant development.

Main Results:

  • Caregiver responses contain structured patterns facilitating multisensory perception.
  • Spatial form and contingencies in responses support communicative and cognitive development.
  • Infant sensory-motor differences reciprocally influence caregiver responses.

Conclusions:

  • Caregiver feedback patterns are key to infant social learning.
  • Understanding these dynamics has implications for neurodevelopmental conditions like autism.
  • Further research and interventions can leverage these findings.