Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
Characteristics and Functions of Blood01:26

Characteristics and Functions of Blood

10.0K
Blood is specialized connective tissue comprising about 8% of the body mass. It has a thick, liquid extracellular matrix that contains cells, dissolved proteins, and electrolytes, making it five times more viscous than water. Blood is warm, around 38°C, and has an alkaline pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
The primary function of blood is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and the lungs. Oxygenated blood is bright red, while oxygen-depleted blood is darker. It also carries...
10.0K
Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

5.9K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
5.9K
Levels of Organization01:09

Levels of Organization

140.3K
Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. Each level of the hierarchy represents an increase in complexity that builds upon the previous level.
Molecules Are Composed of Atoms, and Biomolecules Are Assembled from Molecules:
The most basic levels include atoms, molecules, and biomolecules. Atoms, the smallest unit of ordinary matter, are composed of a nucleus and electrons. Molecules...
140.3K
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

539
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
539
High-Level and Low-Level Awareness01:19

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

680
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
680

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Osteoporosis treatment gap prior to femoral fracture and prevalence of pharmacological risk factors: a prospective observational study.

Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery·2026
Same author

Regenerative therapies in rehabilitation with interfaces with occupational medicine, geriatrics, and oncology: the example of extracorporeal shock wave therapy.

Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2026
Same author

Investigating the risk of obesity in European night shift workers: a study protocol for cross-sectional and mechanistic studies in the SHIFT2HEALTH Project.

Obesity facts·2026
Same author

FES-Cycling at the Cybathlon 2024: assessing accuracy of power-pedals for low power output in a virtual race scenario.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

[Regenerative therapies with interfaces between rehabilitation, working life, and geriatrics-example of extracorporeal shock wave therapy].

Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Towards integrated people-centred health services: patient-reported experiences of post-COVID care in Austria.

Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
04:34

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.6K

Blood lead levels and cognitive functioning: A meta-analysis.

Thomas Vlasak1, Galateja Jordakieva2, Timo Gnambs3

  • 1Institute for Psychology, Sigmund Freud University Linz, Linz, Austria.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Lead exposure significantly impairs adult neurocognitive function, affecting verbal abilities, memory, and attention. Even low exposure levels pose risks, highlighting the need for further research on effect thresholds and reversibility.

Keywords:
AttentionCognitionLead exposureMemoryMeta-analysisOccupational health

More Related Videos

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.0K
Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

77.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
04:34

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia

Published on: February 17, 2023

1.6K
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.0K
Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

77.4K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Lead neurotoxicity is a well-established concern, with even low exposure levels potentially impacting cognitive function.
  • Adults exposed to lead occupationally or environmentally may experience adverse neurocognitive effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating the association between lead exposure and neurocognitive performance in adults.
  • To assess potential effect thresholds for lead exposure on cognitive and sensomotoric abilities.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed on articles published until January 2017.
  • A three-level random-effects meta-analytic model was used to pool standardized mean differences in cognitive performance between lead-exposed and control groups.
  • Moderator analyses were conducted using weighted, mixed-effects regression.

Main Results:

  • The meta-analysis included 22 articles with 3,849 participants, revealing significantly impaired neurocognitive performance in lead-exposed adults (p<.001).
  • Blood lead concentrations were, on average, 21.09 μg/dl higher in exposed subjects.
  • A 10 μg/dl increase in blood lead was associated with a 0.09 decline in cognitive abilities (Hedges g=.09), with a smaller effect observed in the digit symbol test (p<.05).

Conclusions:

  • Occupational and environmental lead exposure significantly impairs neurocognitive performance in adults.
  • Further research is required to determine specific effect thresholds and the potential for reversibility of these cognitive deficits.