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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

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In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
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Dual Nature of Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation01:10

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Electromagnetic (EM) radiation consists of electric and magnetic field components oscillating in planes perpendicular to each other and mutually perpendicular to radiation propagation through space. EM radiation can be classified as a wave, characterized by the properties of waves such as wavelength (denoted as λ) and frequency (represented by ν).
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Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

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Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoprobes for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Detection
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Non-invasive sensitive brain tumor detection using dual-modality bioimaging nanoprobe.

Yang Liu1,2, Austin B Carpenter3, Christopher J Pirozzi3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America.

Nanotechnology
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Developing a novel dual-modality nanoprobe for sensitive brain tumor detection. This advanced imaging tool offers sub-millimeter accuracy, improving early diagnosis of malignant brain tumors.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Non-invasive detection of small malignant brain tumors remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Current non-invasive imaging modalities lack the sensitivity and resolution for early-stage detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a dual-modality nanoprobe for sensitive brain tumor imaging.
  • To assess the potential of the nanoprobe for sub-millimeter intracranial tumor detection using PET.
  • To investigate nanoparticle biodistribution and cellular uptake within brain tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a dual-modality probe: Iodine-124 labeled gold nanostars (124I-GNS).
  • Brain tumor imaging using Positron Emission Tomography (PET).
  • Subcellular tracking using two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) and electron microscopy (EM).

Main Results:

  • The 124I-GNS probe demonstrated potential for sub-millimeter intracranial brain tumor detection via PET.
  • This imaging sensitivity surpasses existing non-invasive modalities.
  • Microscopic analysis confirmed GNS nanoparticle accumulation within brain tumor cells via leaky vasculature.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 124I-GNS nanoprobe offers ultrasensitive imaging capabilities for brain tumors.
  • Selective tumor targeting is achieved through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
  • This technology shows significant promise for preclinical and translational brain tumor applications.