Improved pathways to hypertension control and elimination of disparities: Are we there yet?

Eliminating drugs from the body is a vital process that occurs through excretion or metabolism. Understanding the kinetics of drug elimination is crucial for drug development, dosage determination, and optimizing patient outcomes.
Drug clearance depends on the rate of drug elimination and its plasma concentration. Another important parameter is the half-life of a drug, which is the time required for its concentration to decrease by half. In most cases, drug clearance follows first-order...

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...

Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions with respect...

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...

A nucleophile can react with an alkyl halide to give the substitution product by displacing the halogen. Or it can function as a base to give the elimination product by deprotonation of the neighboring carbon to form an alkene. In an elimination reaction, the substrate loses two groups from adjacent carbons forming at least one π bond. The carbon attached to the halogen is called the α carbon, while the adjacent carbon is called the β carbon; hence, these reactions are called...

Eliminating drugs from the body is a vital process that occurs through excretion or metabolism. Understanding the kinetics of drug elimination is crucial for drug development, dosage determination, and optimizing patient outcomes.
Drug clearance depends on the rate of drug elimination and its plasma concentration. Another important parameter is a drug's half-life, which is the time required for its concentration to decrease by half. In most cases, drug clearance follows first-order...