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Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation
Published on: July 4, 2014
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Soil Variables Associated with Sudden Death Syndrome in Soybean Fields in Iowa
H Scherm1, X B Yang2, P Lundeen2
1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Plant Disease
|March 13, 2019
Summary
Sudden death syndrome in soybeans is primarily caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. Soil nutrient manipulation shows limited potential for disease reduction, emphasizing pathogen control instead.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Agronomy
- Soil Science
Background:
- Sudden death syndrome (SDS) prevalence is increasing in U.S. soybean production.
- Factors influencing SDS severity in the Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines pathosystem are poorly understood.
- Research is needed to identify soil and environmental correlates of SDS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate associations between soil variables and SDS foliar symptom severity.
- To determine the influence of soil biological, chemical, and physical properties on SDS.
- To assess the impact of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines and Heterodera glycines on SDS.
Main Methods:
- Field study across nine commercial soybean fields in Iowa (1995-1996).
- Soil sampling along transects from symptomless to diseased areas (25 stops/transect).
- Assays for F. solani f. sp. glycines, Heterodera glycines cysts, and soil chemical properties (pH, nutrients, etc.).
- Measurement of soil strength, moisture, and foliar disease severity.
Main Results:
- SDS severity strongly associated with F. solani f. sp. glycines populations.
- Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) presence showed a minor association with SDS.
- Available potassium (K) showed a context-dependent association with disease severity.
- No consistent associations found for other soil variables (e.g., pH, organic matter, other nutrients).
Conclusions:
- Localized distribution of F. solani f. sp. glycines is the primary driver of SDS patchiness.
- Soil nutrient manipulation has limited potential for SDS management in high-yield Iowa soybean systems.
- Focus should be on preventing establishment and reducing populations of F. solani f. sp. glycines and H. glycines.
Keywords:
risk assessment
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