Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Soil Ecosystem02:23

The Soil Ecosystem

24.7K
Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:
24.7K
Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate01:25

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

678
Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...
678
Rolling Without Slipping01:09

Rolling Without Slipping

5.3K
People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
5.3K
Rolling With Slipping01:14

Rolling With Slipping

7.9K
Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
An object's rolling motion is characterized by its rotation around its axis, while linear motion refers to the object's translational motion along a surface. Frictional forces can...
7.9K
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

507
The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
507
Fineness Modulus01:19

Fineness Modulus

1.5K
The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First Report of Daylily Rust in the United States.

Plant disease·2019
Same author

Diversity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Phytophthora spp. Associated with the Ornamental Horticulture Industry in the Southeastern United States.

Plant disease·2019
Same author

Dynamics of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae during old field succession.

Oecologia·2017
Same author

Seasonal Fluctuations of Soil and Tissue Populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi in Alfalfa.

Journal of nematology·2009
Same author

Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria Reproduction on Dwarf Hollies and Lantana.

Journal of nematology·2009
Same author

Conservation tillage.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·1985

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture
13:38

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture

Published on: May 10, 2013

31.4K

Aphanomyces euteiches Inoculum Potential: A Rolled-Towel Bioassay Suitable for Fine-Textured Soils.

J L Williams-Woodward1, F L Pfleger2, R R Allmaras3

  • 1Graduate Research Assistant.

Plant Disease
|March 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Improving the rolled-towel (RT) bioassay enhances common root rot detection in pea fields. Modifications significantly reduce errors, offering a more precise tool for managing Aphanomyces euteiches in Pisum sativum.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Virus-Enriched Inoculum for Oral Infection of Honey Bees Apis mellifera
06:41

Preparation of Virus-Enriched Inoculum for Oral Infection of Honey Bees Apis mellifera

Published on: August 26, 2020

3.3K
High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities
12:33

High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities

Published on: November 15, 2013

48.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture
13:38

Isolation of Native Soil Microorganisms with Potential for Breaking Down Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films Used in Agriculture

Published on: May 10, 2013

31.4K
Preparation of Virus-Enriched Inoculum for Oral Infection of Honey Bees Apis mellifera
06:41

Preparation of Virus-Enriched Inoculum for Oral Infection of Honey Bees Apis mellifera

Published on: August 26, 2020

3.3K
High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities
12:33

High-throughput Fluorometric Measurement of Potential Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities

Published on: November 15, 2013

48.3K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Soil Science
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Common root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, significantly impacts pea (Pisum sativum) production.
  • Accurate measurement of soil inoculum potential is crucial for effective field management strategies.
  • Existing methods, like the modified rolled-towel (RT) bioassay, require refinement for improved precision in fine-textured soils.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the precision and accuracy of a modified rolled-towel (RT) bioassay for measuring soil inoculum potential of Aphanomyces euteiches in peas.
  • To identify specific procedural modifications that improve the reliability of the RT bioassay.

Main Methods:

  • Seed treatment with sodium hypochlorite to minimize contamination and seedling loss.
  • Investigating the susceptibility of different pea taproot regions to Aphanomyces euteiches infection.
  • Evaluating the impact of soil volume per seedling and the number of seedlings per assay on accuracy and precision.
  • Comparing bioassay performance with and without steam treatment of soil.

Main Results:

  • Seed treatment reduced contamination and seedling loss to below 5%.
  • The region 1-2 cm below the seed on the pea taproot was more susceptible to infection.
  • Increasing seedlings from 20 to 40 per assay halved random error (from 18% to 12%) and improved accuracy/precision.
  • A soil volume of 1.0 cm³ per seedling increased inoculum potential but did not affect random error.

Conclusions:

  • The modified RT bioassay, with optimized seedling numbers and seed treatment, provides a more precise measure of soil inoculum potential for common root rot in peas.
  • These improvements are vital for developing effective management strategies against Aphanomyces euteiches.
  • The study highlights the importance of assay parameters in accurately assessing soilborne pathogen populations.