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First Report of Musk Thistle Rust (Puccinia carduorum) in Oklahoma
L J Littlefield1, W L Bruckart2, D G Luster2
1Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-3032.
Plant Disease
|March 13, 2019
Summary
Puccinia carduorum, a rust fungus, has been confirmed in Oklahoma, offering a potential biological control for the invasive musk thistle weed. This finding enables crucial field research for musk thistle management in the state.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Biological Control
- Weed Science
Background:
- Musk thistle (Carduus thoermeri) is a significant invasive pasture weed in Oklahoma.
- Puccinia carduorum, a rust fungus, was introduced to the U.S. for biological control of musk thistle but had not been previously reported in Oklahoma.
- The westward movement of P. carduorum since 1987 necessitated its confirmation in new regions for research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To confirm the presence of Puccinia carduorum in Oklahoma.
- To identify the rust fungus infecting musk thistle populations in Rogers County, Oklahoma.
- To enable future field research for biological control of musk thistle in Oklahoma.
Main Methods:
- Morphological analysis of rust pustules, urediniospores, and teliospores from infected musk thistle.
- Infection studies using field-collected inoculum on musk thistle rosettes and seedlings under controlled growth chamber conditions.
- DNA sequence analysis of the rRNA ITS2 region from the Oklahoma rust isolate.
Main Results:
- Musk thistle populations in Rogers County, Oklahoma, exhibited moderate to heavy infection by a rust fungus.
- Morphological characteristics of the rust spores were consistent with Puccinia carduorum.
- DNA sequencing confirmed the Oklahoma isolate's identity as P. carduorum, identical to the strain used in previous Virginia studies.
Conclusions:
- Puccinia carduorum is confirmed to be present in Oklahoma.
- The confirmed presence of this rust fungus in Oklahoma is critical for initiating field-based biological control research against musk thistle.
- This discovery paves the way for developing effective management strategies for musk thistle in the state.
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