Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
16:43
Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
Published on: February 18, 2014
13.7K
Chemotherapy Resistance Explained through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Dependent Signaling
Entaz Bahar1, Ji-Ye Kim2,3,4, Hyonok Yoon5
1College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea. entaz_bahar@yahoo.com.
Cancers
|March 13, 2019
Summary
Cancer cells develop chemotherapy resistance through molecular mechanisms impacting cell signaling. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) plays a dual role in tumor survival and drug resistance, requiring further mechanistic understanding.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Chemotherapy resistance in cancer cells is a significant clinical challenge.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs due to the accumulation of unfolded proteins.
- The unfolded protein response (UPR), or ER stress response (ERSR), is activated to restore cellular homeostasis or induce cell death.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the critical molecular mechanisms linking ER stress response (ERSR) to chemotherapy resistance.
- To review the role of ER stress in tumor survival and drug resistance.
- To discuss ER stress-mediated apoptosis in the context of cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on molecular mechanisms.
- Analysis of studies investigating ER stress and cancer drug resistance.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on ER stress signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- ERSR is implicated in various molecular mechanisms contributing to chemotherapy resistance.
- ERSR can promote tumor cell survival by modulating signaling pathways.
- Understanding ERSR is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Conclusions:
- The ER stress response (ERSR) is a key factor in the development of chemotherapy resistance.
- Targeting ERSR pathways may offer new avenues for overcoming drug resistance in cancer.
- Further research is needed to fully unravel the complex interplay between ERSR and cancer treatment outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:39Endoplasmic Reticulum
107.6K
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
107.6K
01:43The Endoplasmic Reticulum
21.3K
The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
21.3K
01:19Contact-dependent Signaling
46.9K
Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
46.9K
01:21Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
7.9K
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
7.9K
01:34Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
17.5K
The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
17.5K
01:16Calmodulin-dependent Signaling
6.1K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
6.1K