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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
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Relationship Formation02:12

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What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
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Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Polygenic Traits01:18

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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What is the Skeletal System?01:02

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Overview
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Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Isolation and Characterization of the Murine Uterosacral Ligaments and Pelvic Floor Organs
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Isolation and Characterization of the Murine Uterosacral Ligaments and Pelvic Floor Organs

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Pelvic floor dysfunction in midlife women.

S L Johnston1

  • 1a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Queen's University , Kingston , ON , Canada.

Climacteric : the Journal of the International Menopause Society
|March 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Midlife estrogen loss impacts women's pelvic floor health, causing urinary incontinence and prolapse. Understanding genitourinary atrophy is key for evaluating pelvic function and quality of life.

Area of Science:

  • Women's Health
  • Gynecology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women encompasses urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.
  • Genitourinary atrophy is frequently linked to PFD in midlife women.
  • Pelvic floor tissues are hormonally responsive and affected by estrogen decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of menopause and aging on female pelvic floor function.
  • To discuss how estrogen deprivation contributes to structural and functional pelvic floor failure.
  • To present an evaluation framework for pelvic function in midlife women.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of menopause, aging, and pelvic floor disorders.
  • Analysis of estrogen's role in pelvic floor tissue integrity.
Keywords:
Urinary incontinenceagingestrogenmenopausepelvic organ prolapse

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Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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  • Framework development for clinical assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • Menopause and aging lead to genitourinary atrophy and PFD.
    • Estrogen loss causes structural and functional changes in pelvic tissues.
    • Quality of life is significantly impacted by incontinence, prolapse, and atrophy.

    Conclusions:

    • Estrogen deficiency is a primary driver of PFD in midlife women.
    • Comprehensive evaluation of PFD should include quality of life assessment.
    • Early intervention strategies may mitigate PFD progression.