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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Related Experiment Video

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Acupuncture in a Rat Model of Asthma
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[New protagonists in asthma pathophysiology].

Martin Klein1, Eléonore Dijoux1, Florian Dilasser1

  • 1L'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, université de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|March 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma research reveals new players beyond the typical Th2 response, including innate lymphoid cells and Th9 lymphocytes. Understanding these diverse asthma pathways opens doors to novel therapeutic targets for various patient endotypes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Asthma is traditionally linked to Th2 immune responses involving eosinophils and cytokines like IL-4 and IL-5.
  • Some asthma patients present with clinical features not explained by the classical Th2 pathophysiology.
  • Emerging research highlights novel cellular and molecular mechanisms in asthma development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore new cellular and molecular actors involved in asthma pathophysiology.
  • To investigate the role of innate and adaptive immune components beyond the Th2 paradigm.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets for distinct asthma endotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings in animal models and human studies on asthma.
  • Analysis of the role of innate immune cells, such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells.
  • Investigation of adaptive immune cells, including Th9 lymphocytes, and their involvement.

Main Results:

  • Identification of type 2 innate lymphoid cells as key players in asthma.
  • Demonstration of Th9 lymphocytes' contribution to asthma pathogenesis.
  • Highlighting the significance of small G proteins and cytokines like IL-17 in asthma.
  • Recognition of epithelial-derived factors in asthma development.

Conclusions:

  • Asthma pathophysiology is more complex than previously understood, involving diverse immune pathways.
  • New cellular (e.g., ILC2s, Th9) and molecular players are crucial in asthma.
  • A deeper understanding of these diverse actors enables the identification of targeted therapies for specific asthma endotypes.