Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

10.8K
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
10.8K
Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

1.8K
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
1.8K
Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

264
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
264
Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume01:07

Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

1.6K
The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
1.6K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.9K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.1K
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cannabis Vaping, Smoking, and Dual Use and the Onset of Respiratory Symptoms Among U.S. Young Adults.

American journal of preventive medicine·2026
Same author

Nicotine Reduction Standard in Cigarettes and Estimated Lives Saved and Deaths Averted.

JAMA health forum·2025
Same author

Evaluation of a Program Designed to Support Implementation of Prescribing Medication for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care Practices.

Annals of family medicine·2025
Same author

Cigarette Smoking Relapse Among People Who Switched to E-cigarettes or Other Tobacco Products.

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·2024
Same author

The Benefits of Quitting Smoking at Different Ages.

American journal of preventive medicine·2024
Same author

New Estimates of Smoking-Attributable Mortality in the U.S. From 2020 Through 2035.

American journal of preventive medicine·2023
Same journal

Developing and Piloting an Instrument to Prioritize the Worries of Female Youth with a Physical Disability and Mothers during the Transition to Adulthood.

MDM policy & practice·2026
Same journal

Impact of Implementing Alternative Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Strategies in Kenya: A Modeling Study.

MDM policy & practice·2026
Same journal

Revising a Training Curriculum on Shared Decision Making for Application in Routine Clinical Care: A Report on the SHARE Approach.

MDM policy & practice·2026
Same journal

Targeted versus Universally Offered Screening in Pediatric Emergency Departments: Cost-Effectiveness.

MDM policy & practice·2026
Same journal

Acceptability of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Prevent the Risk of COVID-19 Infection in the United States.

MDM policy & practice·2026
Same journal

A Method for Estimating Resource Use and Costs when Empirical Data Are Unavailable: Expert Elicitation Study Using the Example of Melanoma.

MDM policy & practice·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Optimization of the Wound Scratch Assay to Detect Changes in Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration After Damage by Soluble Cigarette Smoke Extract
08:40

Optimization of the Wound Scratch Assay to Detect Changes in Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration After Damage by Soluble Cigarette Smoke Extract

Published on: December 3, 2015

17.6K

Initiation versus Cessation Control Policies: Deriving Optimal Resource Allocation Strategies to Decrease Smoking

Ruoyan Sun1, David Mendez1

  • 1Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

MDM Policy & Practice
|March 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing smoking control, this study found that a dynamic approach to interventions, balancing initiation and cessation programs, significantly reduces smoking prevalence over time within budget constraints.

Keywords:
Optimal controlsmoking cessationsmoking prevalencetobacco control

More Related Videos

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.2K
Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box
14:23

Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Optimization of the Wound Scratch Assay to Detect Changes in Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration After Damage by Soluble Cigarette Smoke Extract
08:40

Optimization of the Wound Scratch Assay to Detect Changes in Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Migration After Damage by Soluble Cigarette Smoke Extract

Published on: December 3, 2015

17.6K
The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.2K
Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box
14:23

Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box

Published on: June 9, 2023

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Economics
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Tobacco control strategies have long included smoking initiation and cessation interventions.
  • Optimal resource allocation requires understanding the combined effects of these interventions.
  • Limited research exists on the ideal combination of initiation and cessation policies over time to reduce smoking prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal intervention strategies for smoking initiation and cessation.
  • To minimize overall smoking prevalence within a defined period and budget.
  • To identify the optimal cost ratio between initiation and cessation programs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dynamic model of smoking prevalence.
  • Employed optimal control formulation to minimize prevalence under a budget constraint.
  • Incorporated a penalty function for budget adherence and used empirical intervention data for parameterization.

Main Results:

  • The optimal cost ratio of initiation to cessation interventions increased from 2.02 to 5.28 over 30 years.
  • Smoking prevalence decreased from 8.54% (no intervention) to an estimated 6.43% over 30 years.
  • Optimal intervention levels for both initiation and cessation increased progressively over time.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model offers a flexible framework for integrating policy specifics into optimal smoking intervention mixes.
  • Dynamic adjustment of intervention strategies is crucial for effective long-term smoking reduction.
  • Resource allocation can be optimized by considering the evolving cost-effectiveness of initiation versus cessation programs.