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Trunk exercise training improves muscle size, strength, and function in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.
Behnaz Shahtahmassebi1, Jeffrey J Hebert1,2, Mark Hecimovich1,3
1Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|March 13, 2019
Summary
Adding trunk strengthening exercises to a multimodal program significantly enhances muscle size and strength in older adults. This leads to improved functional abilities, supporting the inclusion of trunk training for seniors.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Exercise Physiology
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Aging is associated with sarcopenia and reduced functional capacity.
- Trunk muscle weakness is a significant contributor to mobility limitations in older adults.
- Multimodal exercise programs are recommended for healthy aging, but the specific benefits of trunk training require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal exercise program incorporating trunk strengthening and motor control exercises.
- To assess the impact of trunk training on trunk muscle morphology and strength in older adults.
- To determine the associated changes in functional ability and balance.
Main Methods:
- A 12-week single-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted.
- 64 older adults (≥60 years) were assigned to either a walking-balance program or a program including trunk strengthening/motor control exercises.
- Primary outcomes included trunk muscle morphology (ultrasound), strength (isokinetic dynamometry), and functional tests (e.g., 6-Minute Walk Test, 30-second Chair Stand Test).
Main Results:
- Trunk training significantly increased rectus abdominis, multifidus, and lateral abdominal muscle size.
- Participants in the trunk training group showed greater improvements in trunk flexion, extension, and lateral flexion strength.
- Significant improvements were observed in the 30-second Chair Stand Test, Sitting and Rising Test, reach tests, and Timed Up and Go Test.
Conclusions:
- The inclusion of trunk strengthening and motor control exercises enhances trunk muscle morphology and strength in older adults.
- These improvements translate to better functional ability and balance, highlighting the value of trunk-focused training.
- Multimodal exercise programs for older adults should incorporate specific trunk strengthening components for optimal outcomes.
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