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Hydrophobic Interface-Assisted Protein Crystallization: Theory and Experiment.

Christo N Nanev1, Emmanuel Saridakis2, Lata Govada3

  • 1Rostislaw Kaischew Institute of Physical Chemistry , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 11 , Sofia 1113 , Bulgaria.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hydrophobic liquids can promote or inhibit protein crystallization by altering nucleation. This study explores hydrophobic interface-assisted protein crystallization theoretically and experimentally for better control.

Keywords:
crystal nucleationhydrophobic interfacehydrophobic liquidprotein adsorptionprotein crystallization

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Macromolecular crystallization is vital for structural biology, drug design, biomaterials, and food science.
  • Controlling protein crystallization remains a significant challenge in these fields.
  • Hydrophobic interface-assisted crystallization is an underutilized approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hydrophobic interface-assisted protein crystallization theoretically and experimentally.
  • To explore the use of hydrophobic liquids as nucleation promoters or suppressors.
  • To facilitate better control over the protein crystallization process.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of crystal nucleation as a two-step process involving protein adsorption and ordering.
  • Energetic analysis of nucleation at water/hydrophobic substance interfaces by comparing cohesive and destructive energies.
  • Experimental crystallization of various proteins (e.g., alpha-lactalbumin, lysozyme) over different hydrophobic liquids.

Main Results:

  • Hydrophobic liquids can significantly influence protein crystallization propensities.
  • Some hydrophobic liquids enhance crystal nucleation by increasing effective supersaturation.
  • Protein type, concentration, and interface aging time affect crystallization outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrophobic interface-assisted crystallization offers a promising strategy for controlling protein crystal formation.
  • The choice of hydrophobic liquid and experimental conditions can be optimized for specific proteins.
  • This approach provides a new avenue for advancing macromolecular crystallization techniques.