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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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Automated Segmentation of Cortical Grey Matter from T1-Weighted MRI Images
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Grey matter myelination.

Sebastian Timmler1,2, Mikael Simons1,2,3,4

  • 1Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Glia
|March 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Myelination, the insulation of nerve cells, continues into adulthood, particularly in brain regions supporting complex cognition. Understanding this lifelong process is crucial for brain plasticity and neurological disease research.

Keywords:
cortexgrey mattermyelinoligodendrocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • Myelination, traditionally viewed as a developmental process, is increasingly recognized to occur throughout adulthood.
  • Human cortical areas supporting higher cognitive functions exhibit prolonged myelination, extending over decades.
  • The mechanisms and functions of myelination within grey matter remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the duration and regulation of myelination in human grey matter.
  • To elucidate the functional roles of myelin in grey matter.
  • To determine the impact of grey matter myelination on neuronal plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • This emerging field requires novel methodologies to study grey matter myelination.
  • Investigating the temporal dynamics of myelination in the adult human cortex.
  • Exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating grey matter myelination.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests ongoing myelination in adult human cortical areas.
  • Cortical myelination for advanced cognitive functions may continue for decades.
  • The precise functions and regulatory mechanisms of grey matter myelin are yet to be fully defined.

Conclusions:

  • Lifelong myelination may be a key factor in brain plasticity.
  • Understanding grey matter myelination is vital for comprehending normal and abnormal brain function.
  • Further research into grey matter myelination is essential for addressing neurological and psychiatric disorders.