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Related Concept Videos

Data Reporting and Recording01:24

Data Reporting and Recording

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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report01:25

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A hand-off report, also known as a change-of-shift report, is a crucial nursing process that ensures the smooth transition of patient care responsibilities between nursing staff.
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Types of Reports II: Incident or Occurrence Report01:21

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An Incident or Occurrence Report in a healthcare setting is a crucial document used to record any unexpected occurrence that may or may not have affected a patient, employee, or visitor. Such reports are critical to improving patient safety and include all details leading up to and including the event.
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Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

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Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Introduction to Documentation and Reporting01:20

Introduction to Documentation and Reporting

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Documentation is the systematic process of formally recording, maintaining, and communicating information.
Nursing documentation records essential information and details regarding a patient's care and treatment in written or electronic form. It is a critical aspect of nursing practice that involves documenting assessments, interventions, outcomes, and other relevant details about a patient's health status.
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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea
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First Report of Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia grisea in California.

C A Greer1, S C Scardaci2, R K Webster1

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis 95616.

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Rice blast, a significant disease caused by Pyricularia grisea, was first identified in California in 1996. This study confirmed its presence in commercial rice fields, impacting crop yield and highlighting the lack of resistant cultivars.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia grisea, is a globally significant disease affecting Oryzae sativa L.
  • The disease was first documented in California's Sacramento Valley in 1996.
  • Observed symptoms included darkened lesions on panicle necks and flag leaf collars, leading to partially filled or blank panicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and confirm the presence of Pyricularia grisea in California rice fields.
  • To assess the distribution and impact of rice blast in the Sacramento Valley.
  • To evaluate the pathogenicity of P. grisea isolates and survey cultivar susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Fungal isolation from symptomatic tissues (panicle necks, leaf collars) on potato dextrose agar.
  • Induction of sporulation on moist filter paper for identification via conidial morphology.
  • Field surveys across five Sacramento Valley counties, covering over 500 rice fields.
  • Greenhouse inoculation experiments using P. grisea isolates on susceptible rice cultivars (cv. M-201).

Main Results:

  • Rice blast was confirmed in 33 commercial fields across Glenn and Colusa counties, covering approximately 460 km².
  • P. grisea was successfully isolated and identified from multiple rice cultivars, including M-201, M-202, and M-204.
  • Pathogenicity was confirmed in greenhouse studies, with inoculated plants showing typical blast symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Pyricularia grisea is established in California's Sacramento Valley rice production areas.
  • Current rice cultivars grown in California lack known resistance to rice blast.
  • The findings underscore the need for disease management strategies to mitigate yield losses.