Delayed effects of autophagy on T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in mouse primary Leydig cells

T-2 toxin is a type-A trichothecene produced by Fusarium found in several food commodities worldwide. T-2 toxin causes reproductive disorders, genotoxicity, and testicular toxicity in animals. Our previous research has reported that T-2 toxin can induce apoptosis via the Bax-dependent caspase-3 activation in mouse primary Leydig cells. However, little is known about the functions of autophagy and the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis after exposure to T-2 toxin in Leydig cells. This study investigated these problems in mouse primary Leydig cells. Results showed that T-2 toxin treatment upregulated LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression, suggesting that T-2 toxin induced a high level of autophagy. Pretreatment with chloroquine (an autophagy inhibitor) and rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) increased and decreased the rate of apoptosis, respectively, in contrast to T-2 toxin-treated group. Autophagy delayed apoptosis in the T-2 toxin-treated Leydig cells. Therefore, autophagy may prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis by reducing T-2 toxin-induced cytotoxicity.