Actomyosin contractility-dependent matrix stretch and recoil induces rapid cell migration

Area of Science:

• Cell biology
• Biomaterials science
• Tissue engineering

Background:

• Cell migration is crucial for tissue development and repair.
• Extracellular matrix (ECM) properties significantly influence cell migration.
• Native tissues often possess fibrous architecture, which is not fully replicated in current biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate cell migration in synthetic 3D fiber matrices with independently controlled alignment and stiffness.
• To identify distinct cell migration modes influenced by matrix mechanics.
• To understand the relationship between cell contractility and matrix properties for optimal migration.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of synthetic 3D fiber matrices with tunable alignment and stiffness.
• Observation and analysis of cell migration behaviors in these matrices.
• Measurement of traction forces exerted by cells.
• Testing across various cell types.

Main Results:

• Two distinct cell migration modes were identified: continuous mesenchymal migration in stiff matrices and rapid translocation via fiber stretching and recoil in deformable matrices.
• Cells in deformable matrices stored elastic energy by stretching fibers, leading to rapid movement upon adhesion failure and matrix recoil.
• A correlation was found between cell contractility and matrix stiffness for the optimal occurrence of the rapid translocation mode.

Conclusions:

• Matrix structure and mechanics critically influence cell migration strategies.
• Understanding these mechanics can inform strategies for tissue repair and disease intervention.
• The findings provide insights into cell-matrix interactions in fibrous tissues, relevant to wound healing and cancer metastasis.