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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Guiding Development of the Neonate: Lessons from Mammalia.

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    Preterm and low-birthweight (LBW) infants need better nutrition. Studying tammar wallaby milk reveals signaling molecules that could improve lung and gut development in vulnerable newborns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal development
    • Comparative physiology
    • Nutritional science

    Background:

    • Preterm and low-birthweight (LBW) infants exhibit underdeveloped lungs and guts, leading to poor growth, high mortality, and increased disease risk.
    • Current feeding options like formula or donor milk may not fully support recovery.
    • Novel nutritional strategies are needed to optimize early neonatal development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify potential signaling molecules in milk that promote organ development in neonates.
    • To leverage insights from marsupial milk composition to inform human infant nutrition.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of gene expression datasets from tammar wallaby mammary glands during early lactation.
    • Comparison with human databases of placenta, amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk.
    • Identification of homologous secreted proteins with potential signaling functions.

    Main Results:

    • Identification of differentially expressed genes coding for secreted proteins in tammar wallaby milk.
    • Discovery of potential human homologues for signaling molecules crucial for organ development.
    • Establishment of a basis for developing targeted milk fortifiers.

    Conclusions:

    • The tammar wallaby model provides valuable insights into milk-borne bioactive signals for neonatal organogenesis.
    • Identified signaling molecules can inform the development of advanced milk fortifiers for preterm and LBW infants.
    • This research has the potential to improve outcomes for vulnerable newborns globally.