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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

3.1K
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

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Self-Assembling Proteins as High-Performance Substrates for Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal.

Christopher J Hill1,2, Jennifer R Fleming3, Masoumeh Mousavinejad1

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Nuffield Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed ZTFn, a cost-effective, xeno-free biomaterial that mimics fibronectin. This new substrate supports human pluripotent stem cell expansion and self-renewal, paving the way for clinical applications.

Keywords:
biomaterialsprotein engineeringprotein self-assemblyself-renewalstem cells

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Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics
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Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
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Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

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Patterning the Geometry of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Colonies on Compliant Substrates to Control Tissue-Level Mechanics
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Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetics are crucial for replicating stem cell microenvironments.
  • Current methods for culturing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are expensive and difficult for large-scale, xeno-free production.
  • Clinical translation of hPSCs is hindered by limitations in current cell culture matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an economical, xeno-free, and biodegradable cell substrate that mimics the stem cell niche.
  • To assess the performance of the novel substrate in supporting hPSC self-renewal and pluripotency.
  • To provide a viable alternative to fibronectin for clinical-grade cell culturing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bioactive, recombinant, protein-based polymer (ZTFn) mimicking human plasma fibronectin.
  • Culturing of human embryonic stem cells on the ZTFn substrate under xeno-free conditions.
  • Evaluation of cell propagation, long-term self-renewal, and pluripotency preservation.

Main Results:

  • The ZTFn substrate effectively supported high-performance propagation and long-term self-renewal of human embryonic stem cells.
  • ZTFn preserved the pluripotency of the cultured stem cells.
  • The developed polymer demonstrated economic viability and biodegradability.

Conclusions:

  • ZTFn serves as an efficient and affordable xeno-free replacement for fibronectin in clinical cell culturing.
  • The ZT polymer holds significant potential for engineering complex cell applications through orthogonal functionalization.
  • This biomaterial advancement facilitates large-scale production of hPSCs for therapeutic use.