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Naturally occurring cardiac glycosides.

D J Radford, A D Gillies, J A Hinds

    The Medical Journal of Australia
    |May 12, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cardiac glycoside poisoning is a risk in tropical areas due to toxic plants like oleander. Radioimmunoassays identified cardiac glycosides in various plants and the cane toad, aiding in poisoning prevention and diagnosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Pharmacology
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Cardiac glycoside poisoning, particularly from oleander ingestion, is a significant concern in tropical and subtropical regions.
    • Ornamental plants and certain animals are known sources of cardiac glycosides, posing a risk of accidental poisoning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify cardiac glycoside content in various plant and animal specimens.
    • To assess the utility of radioimmunoassays for detecting cardiac glycosides in different matrices.
    • To raise awareness about potential sources of cardiac glycoside toxicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Radioimmunoassays utilizing antibodies with varying specificities for cardiac glycosides were employed.
    • Specimens analyzed included ornamental shrubs (e.g., Thevetia peruviana, Nerium oleander) and milkweeds (e.g., Asclepias curassavica, Calotropis procera).
    • The venom gland of the cane toad (Bufo marinus) was also examined for cardiac glycoside presence.

    Main Results:

    • Significant levels of immunoreactive cardiac glycosides were detected in multiple plant species, including yellow oleander, oleander, wintersweet, bushman's poison, sea-mango, frangipani, redheaded cotton-bush, balloon cotton, king's crown, and rubber vine.
    • The cane toad's venom gland was found to contain substantial quantities of cardiac glycosides.
    • The competitive immunoassay method proved effective for rapid screening of suspected cardiac glycoside-containing specimens.

    Conclusions:

    • Several common ornamental plants and the cane toad are significant sources of cardiac glycosides.
    • Radioimmunoassay provides a rapid and effective method for screening and confirming cardiac glycoside presence in poisoning cases.
    • Increased awareness of these toxic sources can aid in preventing poisoning incidents.

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