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Related Concept Videos

Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods01:18

Effects of EDTA on End-Point Detection Methods

660
Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the endpoint of an EDTA titration.
In the visual method, metal-ion indicators (metallochromic dyes), which have distinct colors in their free and complex forms, are added to the mixture to signal the titration's end point. They form stable complexes with metal ions, but these complexes are weaker than the corresponding metal–EDTA complexes. As a...
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X-Inactivation01:58

X-Inactivation

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The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.
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Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

6.0K
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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EDTA: Conditional Formation Constant01:09

EDTA: Conditional Formation Constant

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Each EDTA molecule has six binding sites: four carboxyl groups and two amino groups. The fully protonated form of EDTA is represented as H6Y2+. However, it can exist in different forms, H5Y+, H4Y, H3Y−, H2Y2−, and HY3−, depending on the pH of the solution. In very basic solutions with pH > 10.17, the fully deprotonated form, Y4−, is the predominant species that readily complexes with metal ions in a 1:1 ratio.
For the equilibrium reaction of the metal with the...
2.1K
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

1.3K
EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

The Use of a &#946;-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions
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The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

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EDTA-Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method: a Phenotypic Method for Detecting Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing

M M Sfeir1, J A Hayden2, K A Fauntleroy3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology
|March 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) accurately distinguishes carbapenemase types in Enterobacteriaceae. This rapid detection aids infection control and treatment strategies globally.

Keywords:
EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation methodMBLcarbapenemasecarbapenemase-producing EnterobacteriaceaeeCIMmCIMmetallo-β-lactamasemodified carbapenem inactivation methodphenotypic detection

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections pose a significant global health threat.
  • Accurate and rapid detection methods are crucial for infection control and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings.
  • Differentiating between serine and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is vital for therapeutic and epidemiological purposes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate the EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM).
  • To assess the eCIM's ability to discriminate between serine- and metal-dependent carbapenemases.
  • To provide a reliable diagnostic tool for identifying MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM).
  • Evaluation of eCIM in conjunction with the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM).
  • Assessment of diagnostic performance for differentiating carbapenemase types.

Main Results:

  • The eCIM demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between serine and metallo-dependent carbapenemases.
  • The combined use of eCIM and mCIM effectively identifies metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
  • The method was adopted by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).

Conclusions:

  • The eCIM is a highly accurate and sensitive assay for differentiating carbapenemase types.
  • This method provides a valuable tool for clinical microbiology laboratories, including those in resource-limited settings.
  • The eCIM facilitates improved infection control, prevention, and therapeutic strategies against CPE.