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Metatranscriptomic exploration of microbial functioning in clouds.

Pierre Amato1, Ludovic Besaury2, Muriel Joly2

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Microbial communities in clouds are metabolically active, exhibiting responses to environmental stressors like cold and oxidants. Their activities influence atmospheric chemistry, including oxidant capacity and nutrient cycling.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric microbiology
  • Environmental biotechnology

Background:

  • Clouds host diverse microbial communities.
  • The metabolic functions of these communities and their impact on atmospheric processes are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic functioning of microbial communities in cloud water.
  • To understand how these microbes interact with and influence cloud chemistry and physics.

Main Methods:

  • Coordinated metagenomics and metatranscriptomics profiling of cloud water samples.
  • Analysis of microbial nucleic acids from a high-altitude atmospheric station.

Main Results:

  • Microorganisms, primarily bacteria, showed active transcription and translation.
  • Detected physiological responses to oxidative stress, osmotic variations, and cold.
  • Identified active central metabolic pathways (pentose phosphate, glyoxylate) fueling these responses.
  • Observed significant ion transport and synthesis of survival-related compounds like polysaccharides.

Conclusions:

  • Cloud microbial communities are metabolically active and influence cloud properties.
  • Biological activity impacts atmospheric oxidant capacity, iron speciation, and nutrient cycling (carbon, nitrogen).