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Parasomnias: A Comprehensive Review.

Shantanu Singh1, Harleen Kaur2, Shivank Singh3

  • 1Pulmonary Medicine, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, USA.

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Summary

Parasomnias are sleep disorders causing unusual events during sleep. This review covers their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features, offering diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
confusional arousalsnightmaresnrem parasomniasparasomniarem behavior disorderrem parasomniassleep paralysissleep terrorsleep walking

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Parasomnias are sleep disorders with abnormal motor, verbal, or behavioral events during sleep or transitions.
  • These disorders affect both non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stages.
  • Parasomnias are more prevalent in children than adults and can significantly disrupt sleep quality for patients and bed partners.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of various parasomnias.
  • To provide an overview of the diagnostic approaches for parasomnias.
  • To discuss appropriate pharmacological management strategies for parasomnias.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of parasomnias.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentations.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of different types of parasomnias.
  • Discussion on the diagnostic challenges and methods.
  • Overview of current pharmacological treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding parasomnia characteristics is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • A comprehensive approach involving detailed sleep history and diagnostic evaluation is essential.
  • This review provides a guide for clinicians on diagnosing and treating parasomnias.