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Changes in Lipid Indices in HIV+ Cases on HAART

Shujing Ji1,2, Yufan Xu1,2, Dating Han1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.

Biomed Research International
|March 15, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can alter lipid levels, increasing risks for dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and impaired fasting glucose over time. Long-term monitoring is crucial for managing these metabolic changes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management.
  • Long-term effects of HAART on metabolic parameters, particularly lipid profiles, require ongoing investigation.
  • Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction are common in HIV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess long-term changes in lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglycerides) in HIV patients on HAART.
  • To investigate the association between these lipid changes and diabetes mellitus (DM) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG).
  • To explore correlations between lipid levels, viral load, CD4+ cell counts, and specific HAART components.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 63 HIV-infected patients over 6 years of HAART.
  • Analysis of total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) levels.
  • Correlation analysis with parameters including viral load, CD4+ cell counts, DM, IFG, and HAART components (nevirapine).
  • Linear mixed-effect modeling to identify significant predictors of TC levels.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in TC and TG levels were observed in patients with normal baseline levels, and in those with DM or IFG.
  • Patients with pre-existing hypercholesterolemia showed significantly higher TC levels throughout the 6-year period.
  • TC levels were significantly higher in DM patients compared to euglycemic patients post-HAART.
  • TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C negatively correlated with viral load; TC and VLDL-C positively correlated with pre-HAART CD4+ counts.
  • Disturbed glucose metabolism, nevirapine-containing HAART, and CD4+ cell count were positively correlated with post-HAART TC levels.

Conclusions:

  • HAART is associated with significant long-term alterations in lipid profiles in HIV patients.
  • These lipid changes may increase the risk of dyslipidemia and are linked to glucose metabolism disturbances.
  • Close monitoring of lipid profiles and metabolic status is essential for HIV patients on long-term HAART.

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