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Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.5K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.1K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.0K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Development and Validation of Chromium Getters for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Systems
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A Chromium-Substituted Polyoxoniobate with High Ionic Conductivity.

Zheng-Wei Guo1, Yi Chen1, Dan Zhao2

  • 1College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350108 , China.

Inorganic Chemistry
|March 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized a novel chromium-substituted polyoxoniobate (PONb) with a unique tetrameric structure. This new PONb material exhibits high ionic conductivity, expanding the family of chromium-containing PONb compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyoxoniobates (PONb) are a class of inorganic compounds with diverse structures and properties.
  • Chromium-substituted PONb materials are rare, limiting their exploration for advanced applications.
  • Understanding the structural diversity and conductivity of novel PONb compounds is crucial for materials development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel chromium-substituted polyoxoniobate (PONb).
  • To investigate the structural features of the new PONb, particularly its aggregation behavior.
  • To evaluate the ionic conductivity of the synthesized material.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis achieved through a combination of hydrothermal and conventional solution methods.
  • Structural characterization of the novel tetrameric PONb.
  • Investigation of the formation of discrete cubelike ionic clusters through alkali-metal cation bridging.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a rare and novel Cr-substituted polyoxoniobate (PONb), [Cr2.5Nb27.5O66(OH)20(H2O)2]7-.
  • Discovery of a unique, previously unknown tetrameric structure, representing the largest Cr-containing PONb to date.
  • Observation that two PONb tetramers can form discrete cubelike ionic clusters mediated by alkali-metal cations.
  • The synthesized PONb exhibits high ionic conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • The study introduces a new member to the limited family of Cr-substituted PONb compounds.
  • The novel tetrameric structure and cluster formation provide new insights into PONb assembly.
  • The high ionic conductivity suggests potential applications in areas requiring ion transport.