Deferral of Consent in Acute Stroke Trials

Background and Purpose- The ESCAPE trial (The Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times) was a multicentre, randomized controlled trial of endovascular thrombectomy versus standard care for patients with acute ischemic stroke that allowed patients to be enrolled with deferred consent. We investigated the knowledge and opinions of these patients or their authorized third parties about the consent process. Methods- All patients (or their authorized third parties) enrolled with deferral of consent in ESCAPE were invited to complete a 12-question survey within the first 4 days of enrollment and again at 90 days. Questions investigated knowledge of the ESCAPE trial and opinions on deferral of consent. Results- Of 56 patients enrolled with deferred consent, 33 (59%) completed the initial survey, and of these, 27 (81%) completed the 90-day follow-up. Enrollment with deferred consent was not associated with a significant difference in door-to-randomization times (50.5 versus 57 minutes; P=0.29) but allowed these 56 patients to participate in the trial. Only 52% of respondents understood that patients could be randomized to thrombectomy or standard care, although most understood the other basic principles of the trial. At baseline and at 90 days, respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed with deferred consent in acute stroke trials generally (82% and 78%) and in the ESCAPE trial specifically (93% and 91%). Conclusions- Respondents generally disagreed with the use of deferred consent for enrollment in the ESCAPE trial and in stroke trials more generally.