Magnetically stimulating capillary effect for reversible wet adhesions

Despite fascinating natural examples of switchable adhesives to wet surfaces, strategies for an artificially switching capillary adhesion system in situ remains a challenge. Here, we develop a smart reversible magnetic fluid (MF) meniscus adhesion system whose capillary effect can be regulated by external magnetic stimuli. It is revealed that the MF filled joint between two solid surfaces undergoes alteration of its adhesive properties in response to the external stimulus of a varying magnetic field. Compared with the original capillary force (without stimuli), the stimulated one increases or decreases depending on the distributions of applied magnetic field intensities, allowing for switchable adhesive behavior. In addition to the Laplace pressure, hydrostatic pressure induced by the intensity difference in the magnetic field between the inner and outer surfaces of the meniscus was found to contribute to wet adhesion, which accounted for the reversibility. Theoretical models of reversible adhesions have been built and solved as well, and agree well with the experiment results. Our findings not only provide a deep understanding of MF capillary adhesion, but also provide a new method to design reversible wet adhesion systems.