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Negative emotions in bilingual speakers can trigger language switching, particularly from their second to first language. This study links facial emotion behavior to code-switching (CS) dynamics in Chinese American families.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Bilingualism and Emotion
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bilinguals exhibit differential language associations with emotional experiences.
  • Code-switching (CS) during emotional episodes is observed in bilinguals.
  • Previous evidence on CS and emotion relied on limited case studies and self-reports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic relationship between code-switching (CS) and facial emotion behavior in bilingual families.
  • To explore the directionality of influence between emotional expression and language switching.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 68 Chinese American parents and children participated in a dyadic emotion-inducing task.
  • Language use (L1 Chinese, L2 English), CS behavior (L1→L2, L2→L1), and facial emotion (positive/negative valence) were coded at 5-s intervals.
  • Multilevel modeling analyzed the predictive associations between facial emotion and CS.

Main Results:

  • Negative facial emotion predicted increased subsequent CS in both L1→L2 and L2→L1 directions, with a stronger effect for L2→L1.
  • Positive facial emotion was linked to decreased contemporaneous L2→L1 CS.
  • CS did not predict subsequent facial emotion behavior, suggesting emotion influences CS, not vice versa.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional arousal, especially negative, may reduce cognitive control, triggering spontaneous CS in bilinguals.
  • Findings elucidate the mechanisms behind language switching during emotional episodes.
  • Implications for clinical interventions with bilingual individuals and families.