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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
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Orbitofrontal dysfunction during the reward process in adults with ADHD: An fMRI study.

Dong-Yu Yang1, Mei Hung Chi1, Ching-Lin Chu1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|March 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show poorer decision-making and reduced orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activation during reward tasks. These findings highlight persistent reward processing deficits in adult ADHD.

Keywords:
ADHDIowa gambling taskOrbitofrontal cortexfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder often persisting into adulthood.
  • Reward processing deficits are implicated in ADHD, but adult brain activity during decision-making remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in reward response between adults with ADHD and healthy controls (HCs).
  • To utilize functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain activation patterns during a decision-making task.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty adults with ADHD and 20 HCs completed a modified Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) while undergoing fMRI.
  • The IGT assesses reward-related decision-making in scenarios involving risk.

Main Results:

  • Adults with ADHD demonstrated poorer performance on the IGT, specifically in avoiding risky choices.
  • fMRI revealed significantly lower activation in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in adults with ADHD compared to HCs.
  • A positive correlation was observed between IGT performance and OFC activation.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with ADHD exhibit abnormal OFC responses during decision-making tasks.
  • These findings suggest that reward processing deficits associated with ADHD continue into adulthood.
  • This study is the first to use fMRI during the IGT in adults with ADHD, providing novel insights into the neural underpinnings of their condition.