Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026
11:29
Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
Published on: June 20, 2020
9.7K
Objective vision screening using PlusoptiX for children aged 3-11 years in rural Turkey
Silay Canturk Ugurbas1, Numan Kucuk2, Irem Isik2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Esenkoy-Kozlu, 67600, Zonguldak, Turkey. silaycanturk@gmail.com.
BMC Ophthalmology
|March 16, 2019
Summary
Vision screening in rural Turkish children using PlusoptiX identified significant amblyopia risk factors and underdiagnosed refractive errors. This highlights the need for improved vision screening programs in underserved school populations.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Public Health
- Pediatric Optometry
Background:
- Population-based cross-sectional study conducted in a rural district of Northwestern Turkey.
- Focus on detecting amblyopia risk factors and myopia in children.
- Utilized the PlusoptiX S12R photoscreener for vision screening.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the PlusoptiX S12R photoscreener in a community setting.
- To identify the prevalence of amblyopia risk factors and myopia in rural school children.
- To assess the diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, PPV) of the PlusoptiX device.
Main Methods:
- Vision screening of children from 38 rural schools using the PlusoptiX S12R photoscreener.
- Data analysis employed factory default level 5 referral criteria.
- Referral rates, 'unable' readings, and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.
Main Results:
- Analyzed data from 2846 children (mean age 7.9 years).
- 11% were referred; 32% of referrals were 'unable' readings.
- Positive predictive value (PPV) was 69% (83% excluding 'unable' readings).
- 93 children identified with amblyopia risk factors; 49 had amblyopia (33 newly diagnosed).
Conclusions:
- PlusoptiX demonstrated reasonable PPV in a community setting, suitable for preschool and school-aged children.
- Significant underdiagnosis of amblyogenic refractive errors in rural school children was observed.
- The findings emphasize the critical need for enhanced vision screening initiatives in these populations.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Vision
60.0K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
60.0K
01:24Color Vision
1.5K
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
1.5K
01:26Aging
667
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
667
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
2.0K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.0K
01:29Potential Due to a Polarized Object
770
A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
770
01:24Potential Due to a Magnetized Object
792
Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
The vector...
792