Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction
Published on: February 24, 2014
Changing serotype distribution and resistance patterns among pediatric nasopharyngeal pneumococci collected in
Nikolai Mayanskiy1, Tatiana Kulichenko1, Natalia Alyabieva1
1National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Lomonosovskiy prosp., 2, Moscow, Russia.
Abstract:
Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance were analyzed in 632 nasopharyngeal pneumococcal isolates collected at a single pediatric center in 2010-2017 before and following the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV13) in Russia in 2014. The mean prevalence of PCV13 serotypes was 77.7% in 2010-2015 with a significant decline to 58.5% in 2017, which was accompanied by an elevation in serotype 15B/C prevalence (15.1% in 2017), 66% and 26% of 15B/C-pneumococci related to ST1025 and ST1262, respectively. The rate of oxacillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin resistance has increased by 15-20 percentage points from 2010 to 2016, approaching a 40-45% prevalence in 2016. The resistance rates significantly increased over time only in a group of PCV13 serotypes. The growing resistance among serotype 14 pneumococci was associated with expansion of a multidrug-resistant clone of ST143. These results emphasize the need for close monitoring of the constantly changing pneumococcal population.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
Global Climate Change
Work Done During Volume Change
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
Net Change Theorem
Resistivity

